Frameworks

Software that helps you write other software

According to Wikipedia (retrieved 2018-12-27), a Software Framework (itemization added):

is “an abstraction in which software providing generic functionality can be selectively changed by additional user-written code, thus providing application-specific software”.
“provides a standard way to build and deploy applications.
“is a universal, reusable software environment that provides particular functionality as part of a larger software platform to facilitate development of software applications, products and solutions.
“may include support programs, compilers, code libraries, tool sets, and application programming interfaces (APIs) that bring together all the different components to enable development of a project or system.”

Three distinguishing features (still from Wikipedia (retrieved 2018-12-27))

inversion of control: In a framework, unlike in libraries or in standard user applications, the overall program’s flow of control is not dictated by the caller, but by the framework.
extensibility: A user can extend the framework – usually by selective overriding – or programmers can add specialized user code to provide specific functionality.
non-modifiable framework code: The framework code, in general, is not supposed to be modified, while accepting user-implemented extensions. In other words, users can extend the framework, but should not modify its code.

Examples

C++:

Java:

Python: